Monitor CPU temperature in Ubuntu

Filed under Basic, Desktop, Hardware, howto, Linux, Monitoring, System, Tips, Ubuntu, Ubuntu by on November 1, 2011 at 11:30 am {no comments}

Recently I need to monitor CPU temperature as my desktop was getting power off after using it couple hours.
In Ubuntu we can monitor CPU and other system temperatures, fan speeds, and other system data using an application lm-sensors. It can also show this information on your desktop or GNOME panel using one of several other applications.

First we have to install lm-sensors on the system. To do so run,

sudo apt-get install lm-sensors

Run sudo sensors-detect and answer YES to all YES/no questions.

sudo sensors-detect

Following output I received after running above command

# sensors-detect revision 5946 (2011-03-23 11:54:44 +0100)
# Board: Intel Corporation D101GGC
 
This program will help you determine which kernel modules you need
to load to use lm_sensors most effectively. It is generally safe
and recommended to accept the default answers to all questions,
unless you know what you're doing.
 
Some south bridges, CPUs or memory controllers contain embedded sensors.
Do you want to scan for them? This is totally safe. (YES/no): YES
Module cpuid loaded successfully.
Silicon Integrated Systems SIS5595...                       No
VIA VT82C686 Integrated Sensors...                          No
VIA VT8231 Integrated Sensors...                            No
AMD K8 thermal sensors...                                   No
AMD Family 10h thermal sensors...                           No
AMD Family 11h thermal sensors...                           No
AMD Family 12h and 14h thermal sensors...                   No
Intel digital thermal sensor...                             No
Intel AMB FB-DIMM thermal sensor...                         No
VIA C7 thermal sensor...                                    No
VIA Nano thermal sensor...                                  No
 
Some Super I/O chips contain embedded sensors. We have to write to
standard I/O ports to probe them. This is usually safe.
Do you want to scan for Super I/O sensors? (YES/no): Yes
Probing for Super-I/O at 0x2e/0x2f
Trying family `National Semiconductor'...                   No
Trying family `SMSC'...                                     Yes
Found `SMSC DME1737 Super IO'                               
    (hardware monitoring capabilities accessible via SMBus only)
Probing for Super-I/O at 0x4e/0x4f
Trying family `National Semiconductor'...                   No
Trying family `SMSC'...                                     No
Trying family `VIA/Winbond/Nuvoton/Fintek'...               No
Trying family `ITE'...                                      No
 
Some systems (mainly servers) implement IPMI, a set of common interfaces
through which system health data may be retrieved, amongst other things.
We first try to get the information from SMBIOS. If we don't find it
there, we have to read from arbitrary I/O ports to probe for such
interfaces. This is normally safe. Do you want to scan for IPMI
interfaces? (YES/no): Yes
Probing for `IPMI BMC KCS' at 0xca0...                      No
Probing for `IPMI BMC SMIC' at 0xca8...                     No
 
Some hardware monitoring chips are accessible through the ISA I/O ports.
We have to write to arbitrary I/O ports to probe them. This is usually
safe though. Yes, you do have ISA I/O ports even if you do not have any
ISA slots! Do you want to scan the ISA I/O ports? (yes/NO): Yes
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM78' at 0x290...       No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM79' at 0x290...       No
Probing for `Winbond W83781D' at 0x290...                   No
Probing for `Winbond W83782D' at 0x290...                   No
 
Lastly, we can probe the I2C/SMBus adapters for connected hardware
monitoring devices. This is the most risky part, and while it works
reasonably well on most systems, it has been reported to cause trouble
on some systems.
Do you want to probe the I2C/SMBus adapters now? (YES/no): yes
Using driver `i2c-piix4' for device 0000:00:14.0: ATI Technologies Inc IXP SB400 SMBus Controller
Module i2c-dev loaded successfully.
 
Next adapter: SMBus PIIX4 adapter at 0b00 (i2c-0)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
Client found at address 0x2e
Probing for `Myson MTP008'...                               No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM78'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM79'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM80'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM85'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM96000 or PC8374L'...  No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1027'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7460 or ADT7463'...          No
Probing for `SMSC EMC6D100 or EMC6D101'...                  No
Probing for `SMSC EMC6D102'...                              No
Probing for `SMSC EMC6D103'...                              No
Probing for `SMSC EMC6D103S'...                             No
Probing for `Winbond WPCD377I'...                           No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7467 or ADT7468'...          No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7470'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7473'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7475'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7476'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADT7490'...                     No
Probing for `Andigilog aSC7611'...                          No
Probing for `Andigilog aSC7621'...                          No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM87'...                No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1024'...                     No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM93'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM94'...                No
Probing for `Winbond W83781D'...                            No
Probing for `Winbond W83782D'...                            No
Probing for `Winbond W83791D'...                            No
Probing for `Winbond W83792D'...                            No
Probing for `Winbond W83793R/G'...                          No
Probing for `Nuvoton W83795G/ADG'...                        No
Probing for `Winbond W83627HF'...                           No
Probing for `Winbond W83627EHF'...                          No
Probing for `Winbond W83627DHG/W83667HG/W83677HG'...        No
Probing for `Asus AS99127F (rev.1)'...                      No
Probing for `Asus AS99127F (rev.2)'...                      No
Probing for `Asus ASB100 Bach'...                           No
Probing for `Winbond W83L786NR/NG/R/G'...                   No
Probing for `Winbond W83L785TS-S'...                        No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM9240'...                     No
Probing for `Dallas Semiconductor DS1780'...                No
Probing for `National Semiconductor LM81'...                No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1026'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1025'...                     No
Probing for `Maxim MAX6639'...                              No
Probing for `Texas Instruments AMC6821'...                  No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1029'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1030'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1031'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1022'...                     No
Probing for `Texas Instruments THMC50'...                   No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1028'...                     No
Probing for `Texas Instruments THMC51'...                   No
Probing for `ITE IT8712F'...                                No
Probing for `SMSC DME1737'...                               Success!
    (confidence 6, driver `dme1737')
Probing for `SMSC SCH5027D-NW'...                           No
Probing for `SMSC EMC2103'...                               No
Probing for `Fintek F75373S/SG'...                          No
Probing for `Fintek F75375S/SP'...                          No
Probing for `Fintek F75387SG/RG'...                         No
Probing for `Winbond W83791SD'...                           No
Client found at address 0x50
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 Yes
    (confidence 8, not a hardware monitoring chip)
Probing for `EDID EEPROM'...                                No
Client found at address 0x52
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 Yes
    (confidence 8, not a hardware monitoring chip)
 
Next adapter: Radeon i2c bit bus DVI_DDC (i2c-1)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
 
Next adapter: Radeon i2c bit bus VGA_DDC (i2c-2)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
 
Next adapter: Radeon i2c hw bus MM_I2C (i2c-3)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
 
Next adapter: Radeon i2c bit bus MONID (i2c-4)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
Client found at address 0x50
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 No
Probing for `EDID EEPROM'...                                Yes
    (confidence 8, not a hardware monitoring chip)
Client found at address 0x51
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 No
Client found at address 0x52
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 No
Client found at address 0x53
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1033'...                     No
Probing for `Analog Devices ADM1034'...                     No
Probing for `SPD EEPROM'...                                 No
 
Next adapter: Radeon i2c bit bus GPIOPAD_MASK (i2c-5)
Do you want to scan it? (YES/no/selectively): yes
 
Now follows a summary of the probes I have just done.
Just press ENTER to continue: 
 
Driver `dme1737':
  * Bus `SMBus PIIX4 adapter at 0b00'
    Busdriver `i2c_piix4', I2C address 0x2e
    Chip `SMSC DME1737' (confidence: 6)
 
To load everything that is needed, add this to /etc/modules:
#----cut here----
# Chip drivers
dme1737
#----cut here----
If you have some drivers built into your kernel, the list above will
contain too many modules. Skip the appropriate ones!
 
Do you want to add these lines automatically to /etc/modules? (yes/NO)yes
Successful!
 
Monitoring programs won't work until the needed modules are
loaded. You may want to run 'service module-init-tools start'
to load them.
 
Unloading i2c-dev... OK
Unloading cpuid... OK

At the end of sensors-detect, a list of modules that needs to be loaded will displayed. Type “yes” to have sensors-detect insert those modules into /etc/modules, or edit /etc/modules yourself.

Next, run “sudo service module-init-tools start”. This will read the changes you made to /etc/modules in above step, and insert the new modules into the kernel.

sudo service module-init-tools start

Next, you should test that lm-sensors works correctly. Run the “sensors” command and check the output. Example output is below:

sensors
acpitz-virtual-0
Adapter: Virtual device
temp1:        +40.0°C  (crit = +75.0°C)
 
dme1737-i2c-0-2e
Adapter: SMBus PIIX4 adapter at 0b00
5VSB:         +0.00 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +6.64 V)  ALARM
Vcore:        +1.36 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +2.99 V)
+3.3V:        +3.38 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.38 V)
+5V:          +5.17 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +6.64 V)
+12V:        +12.18 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max = +15.94 V)
3VSB:         +3.37 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.38 V)
Vbat:         +0.00 V  (min =  +0.00 V, max =  +4.38 V)
fan1:        2276 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
fan2:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
fan3:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
fan4:           0 RPM  (min =    0 RPM)
temp1:        +43.2°C  (low  = -127.0°C, high = +69.0°C)
SIO Temp:     +44.2°C  (low  = -127.0°C, high = +69.0°C)
temp3:        +59.0°C  (low  = -127.0°C, high = +69.0°C)  ALARM
cpu0_vid:    +1.088 V

The sensor output may be tweaked by editing the “/etc/sensors.conf” file. It is possible to correct inaccurate scaling too. For details check “man sensors.conf”.

You can also install xsensors to view the temperature graphically. To do so run

sudo apt-get install xsensors

Now go to Applications > System Tools > Xsensors. You will get following screen depending on your configuration.

Readers if you are using any other tool, please let us know the same.

Automatically Install Updates Ubuntu

Filed under Basic, Hardware, howto, Linux, Software, System, Tips, Ubuntu, Ubuntu by on September 27, 2011 at 3:17 pm {no comments}

Updating your system at periodic time is a good practice. But some of us forgot to do so. In search of automatic updates I found Unattended Upgrade. You can modify the package as per your need.

To start, first you need to install Unattended-Upgrade

sudo apt-get install unattended-upgrades

Unattended-Upgrade calls /etc/cron.daily/apt
To set everything first create a file /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic and edit it with your favorite editor. For eg I am attaching my file below.

sudo /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic
APT::Periodic::Enable "1";
APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "5";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";
APT::Periodic::RandomSleep "1800";
APT::Periodic::Verbose "1";

Note: Details about what these values mean may be found in the header of the /etc/cron.daily/apt file.
When the apt job starts, it will sleep for a random period between 0 and APT::Periodic::RandomSleep seconds. The default value is “1800″ so that the script will stall for up to 30 minutes (1800 seconds) so that the mirror servers are not crushed by everyone running their updates all at the same time. Only set this to 0 if you use a local mirror and don’t mind the load spikes. Note that while the apt job is sleeping it will cause the execution of the rest of your cron.daily jobs to be delayed.

Now edit /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades, it should look like below:

// Automatically upgrade packages from these (origin, archive) pairs
Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {    
    // ${distro_id} and ${distro_codename} will be automatically expanded
    "${distro_id} stable";
    "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-security";
    "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-updates";
//  "${distro_id} ${distro_codename}-proposed-updates";
};
 
// List of packages to not update
Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
//  "vim";
//  "libc6";
//  "libc6-dev";
//  "libc6-i686";
};
 
// Send email to this address for problems or packages upgrades
// If empty or unset then no email is sent, make sure that you 
// have a working mail setup on your system. The package 'mailx'
// must be installed or anything that provides /usr/bin/mail.
Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "root@localhost";
 
// Do automatic removal of new unused dependencies after the upgrade
// (equivalent to apt-get autoremove)
Unattended-Upgrade::Remove-Unused-Dependencies "true";
 
// Automatically reboot *WITHOUT CONFIRMATION* if a 
// the file /var/run/reboot-required is found after the upgrade 
//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";

Note : The double “//” serve as comments, so whatever follows “//” will not be evaluated

Now create STAMP file,

touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/update-stamp
touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/download-upgradeable-stamp
touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/upgrade-stamp
touch /var/lib/apt/periodic/autoclean-stamp

Now we will set cronjob to run the unattended-update

su
crontab -e
19 13 * * * /etc/cron.daily/apt > /home/vidyadhar/apt.log 2>&1

That’s it. The task will run at 1:19 PM every day.

Create Wifi Hotspot in Windows

Filed under Cellphones, Desktop, Gadgets, Hardware, howto, Microsoft Windows, Network, Software, Windows 7 by on September 19, 2011 at 10:46 am {no comments}

This tutorial will guide you in setting up your laptop as a wifi-hotspot to share wifi or dial-up connection. I am using Windows 7 as a base OS and connectify to work as wifi-hotspot.

In this way you can share your internet / wifi / dial-up connection with your wifi enabled device.

Requirement:
OS Windows 7 (Not tried on XP)
WIFI enabled laptop
Connectify. You can download the free version from here.

1. To start the process download and install Connectify from above link.
2. After installation it will ask to reboot the machine, do the same.
3. After restart you will see Connectify icon in task bar notification area.

4. Click on the Icon. Now we need to create wifi-hostspot. Fill up require details as per your wifi configuration and click on Start Hostspot. For better understanding see below screenshot.

Remember Select the proper network adapter in Internet option. If you are getting connected to internet via dial up connection select dial up connection in Internet option. I am using wireless network connection to connect internet.

5. Now setup your wifi enabled device to use our laptop connection as an access point. I have tried the same with Nokia phone. After successful connection you will see your device in Client tab.

That’s it. Enjoy your new wifi-hotspot.

Oracle Database 11g R2 on Ubuntu 11.04

Filed under Database, howto, Linux, Oracle, System, Tips, Ubuntu by on September 16, 2011 at 9:28 am {53 comments}

Following is the how to for installing Oracle Database 11gR2 on Ubuntu 11.04

Installing Dependencies
To install dependencies, run

sudo apt-get install gcc make binutils gawk x11-utils rpm build-essential libaio1 libaio-dev libmotif4 libtool expat alien ksh pdksh unixODBC unixODBC-dev sysstat elfutils libelf-dev binutils lesstif2 lsb-cxx lsb-rpm libstdc++5

We need to create some softlinks to start the installation. To do so run the following commands as root,

ln -sf /bin/bash /bin/sh
ln -s /usr/bin/awk /bin/awk
ln -s /usr/bin/rpm /bin/rpm
ln -s /usr/bin/basename /bin/basename
ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libpthread_nonshared.a /usr/lib/libpthread_nonshared.a
ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc_nonshared.a /usr/lib/libc_nonshared.a
ln -s /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 /lib/libgcc_s.so.1
ln -s /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 /usr/lib/libstdc++.so.6

Also we need to add oracle user and oinstall, dba, nobody group. Run following as a root user,

addgroup oinstall
addgroup dba
addgroup nobody
usermod -g nobody nobody
useradd -g oinstall -G dba -p password -d /home/oracle -s /bin/bash oracle
mkdir /home/oracle
chown -R oracle:dba /home/oracle

We need to do changes in start-up script, run following as root,

mkdir /etc/rc.d
for i in 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 S
do ln -s /etc/rc$i.d /etc/rc.d/rc$i.d 
done

Now we will create the directory for installation, and changes it owner to oracle. Run following commands as root

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
chown -R oracle:dba /u01

We also need to modify the kernel parameter, to do so run following commands as root

echo "#">> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "# Oracle 11gR2 entries">> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr=1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.file-max=6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall=2097152" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni=4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max=4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max=1048586" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax=1073741824" >> /etc/sysctl.conf

Note: kernel.shmmax = max possible value, e.g. size of physical memory in bytes. In my case machine is having 2GB so we are specifying 1GB. Adjust the parameter as per your configuration

Load new kernel parameters, by running following as root user,

sysctl -p

We have to change shell configuration, to do the same run following commands as root user,

cp /etc/security/limits.conf /etc/security/limits.conf.original
echo "#Oracle 11gR2 shell limits:">>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nproc 2048">>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384">>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle soft nofile 1024">>/etc/security/limits.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536">>/etc/security/limits.conf

Download Oracle 11g R2 database from Oracle Download Center for linux.

I have downloaded both the zip in /home/oracle. We need to extract both the zip to start the installation. To unzip run,

cd /home/oracle
unzip linux_11gR2_database_1of2.zip 
unzip linux_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

Now we will start the installation. You can start the installation from /home/oracle/database.
Login as a oracle user.

su oracle

Go to the binaries and start the installation as a oracle user,

cd /home/oracle
chmod 777 -R database
cd database
./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs

Now you will see the Welcome screen. As per my requirement we do not need email update so I am disabling the same.

Now in the step 2 we will choose “Create and configure database”

In step 3 as our machine is desktop call, I choose “Desktop class”

In step 4 you need to specify oracle_home, database file location, database name options. Adjust the parameter as per your setup. For reference see below screenshot,

In step 5 click on “Ignore all” option and select Next

In step 6 installation will show you the summary page.

Now it will start the installation

While in the process of Database Configuration Assistant, I got error saying oracle is not available. We select Ignore option

Now it will show “Database Control has been brought up in non-secure mode. Just click on OK.

It will show you the Enterprise Manager URL. Note it down for future reference.

We need to run root.sh script as a root user. Do the same and click on OK button.

It will show you successful installation message, just click close.

Now we need to login to Enterprise Manager to check the status.
Open browser and type http://server_ip:1158/em/

Enter SYS as username, choose Connect as sysdba and enter password which we specified at step 4

We will create init stop / start script to manage listener.

vi /etc/init.d/oracledb
#!/bin/bash
 
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_OWNR=oracle
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
 
if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
 
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
echo -n "Starting Oracle: "
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart $ORACLE_HOME"
touch /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
echo -n "Shutdown Oracle: "
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop"
su $ORACLE_OWNR -c "$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut $ORACLE_HOME"
rm -f /var/lock/oracle
echo "OK"
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: `basename $0` start|stop|restart|reload"
exit 1
esac
 
exit 0

Change the permission of the script as a root

chmod a+x /etc/init.d/oracledb
update-rc.d oracledb defaults 99

Fix Windows Registry in Ubuntu

Filed under Basic, Desktop, Hardware, howto, Linux, Microsoft Windows, Software, Tips, Ubuntu, Ubuntu, Windows XP by on September 13, 2011 at 11:12 am {no comments}

Most of the time you need to edit windows registry to solve windows problem. But what you will do if your windows is not getting loaded, you will search for software or live cd of a program to fix you registry. But no need of doing this if you have Ubuntu live cd or Ubuntu on another partition. To access windows registry boot your need to boot your machine in Ubuntu

Please note use this utility on your risk. I have tested chntpw on Ubuntu 11.04 with Windows XP SP 2.

Install chntpw utility

sudo apt-get install chntpw

Mount Windows partition:
Find the Windows partition:

sudo fdisk -l

Assume it is on /dev/sda1. Next step is mounting of the partition:

sudo mkdir /media/windows 
sudo mount /dev/sda1 /media/windows

Registry editing
To go in proper hive you must know the Hive name. For same please refer following table.

Registry Key Name 	             Hive Filename
HKEY_CURRENT_USER 	             NTuser.dat
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM 	             SAM
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY 	     SECURITY
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE 	     SOFTWARE
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM 	     SYSTEM
HKEY_USERS\DEFAULT 	             DEFAULT

For eg. you need to go HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Themes and change the Start value to 4.

then do as follows

chntpw -l /mnt/sda1/WINDOWS/system32/config/system

At the new command prompt type ? to see various commands used for registry editing. Most useful commands are dir,cat,cd,ed etc.

Now type ‘dir’ command to see all the subkeys under the root key. You will see many ControlSet00* keys under this, but where is the CurrentControlSet key. We need this subkey to edit properties of Themes service..!

Well, don’t be panic. The answer is hidden in ‘Select’ subkey. Now enumerate all the values under ‘Select‘ subkey as shown below.

cd Select 
dir

Now the value associated with ‘Current’ subkey will tell you which is the currently used ControlSet00* key. For example if the ‘Current’ has value 2 then that means you have to select ‘ControlSet002′ etc. On my machine the ‘Current’ has value 1. So I am going to select ‘ControlSet001′ key.

Know we know which controlset we have to use for our purpose. Now select it and move on to Themes subkey as shown below. Note that we are under Select key. You have to go back to root key to choose the ControlSet key.

cd ..
cd ControlSet001\Services\Themes

Now type ‘dir’ command to see all the names and their values under this key. We have to just change DWORD value of ‘Start’ to 4 using the ‘ed’ command.

ed Start

When you are prompted to enter new value, just type 4 and press ‘ENTER’ to set the new value.To verify use the below shown command.

cat Start

Once you have modified all required changes, type ‘q’ to quit the registry editor and then press ‘y’ to save your changes. After that restart the system and you should be able to login normally without any problem.

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